Probing Heterogeneous Bubble Nucleation Mechanisms via Time-Resolved Upconverting Nanoparticles Luminescence Thermometry

Overview

Boiling, in which liquid water changes into vapor and forms bubbles, is one of the most effective ways to remove large amounts of heat. It plays a vital role in cooling for new technologies like AI computing chips, data centers, advanced nuclear reactors, and hypersonic vehicles. Understanding exactly how vapor…